What are common symptoms of renal calculi?

Renal calculi, or kidney stones, can cause a range of symptoms primarily related to pain and urinary changes due to their formation and movement within the urinary tract. Flank pain is one of the most characteristic symptoms, often described as severe and can radiate to the lower abdomen and groin area. This pain occurs as the stone passes through the ureters, which can lead to stretching or distention of the renal pelvis and ureter.

Hematuria, or blood in the urine, is another common symptom associated with kidney stones. This occurs due to the irritation of the urinary tract lining as the stones move, causing tiny tears that lead to bleeding. Nausea and vomiting often accompany the severe pain due to the body's response to intense discomfort and the activation of the autonomic nervous system.

In the context of this question, the selection highlighting flank pain, hematuria, and nausea/vomiting effectively encompasses the classic symptom triad associated with renal calculi, reinforcing the critical connections between the anatomical location of the pain, the response it elicits in the body, and the resultant changes in urine appearance.